Test Bank For Law & Ethics for Health Professions 8th Edition By Karen Judson

Chapter 2 Making Ethical Decisions

1) In Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs, the need for basic life (food, shelter), a safe environment, and to belong and be loved are designated “D” needs. What does “D” stand for?

A) Deficiency

B) Deprivation

C) Destitute

D) Demanding

E) Decisive

Answer: A

Explanation: Maslow defined needs 1 to 3 as deficiencies or D-needs. Needs 1 to 3 include the physiological needs of water and food, the safety needs of shelter, and the love and belongingness needs of obtaining and giving affection. Needs 4 and 5 are growth needs, also known as being or B-needs. Esteem needs are at level 4 and self-actualization is at level 5.

Difficulty: 1 Easy

Topic: Value Development Theories

Bloom’s: Remember

ABHES: None

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

CAAHEP: V.C.17.a Discuss the theories of Maslow

2) Which of the following is known as a B-need in Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs?

A) A patient with cancer needs chemotherapy.

B) A medical assistant needs to be respected by his/her fellow medical assistants.

C) A child in the waiting room needs a safe play area.

D) A family needs food from the food bank.

E) A health care provider needs assistance with their own addiction problem.

Answer: B

Explanation: The need for esteem and respect is a B-need. The need for chemotherapy and food along with the assistance with a medical problem are D-needs. Safety needs would include a safe play area for children in the physician’s office.

Difficulty: 2 Medium

Topic: Value Development Theories

Bloom’s: Understand

ABHES: None

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

CAAHEP: V.C.17.a Discuss the theories of Maslow

3) Psychologists question how individuals develop values that guide them in ethical decision making. Which of the following reflects current thought on value development?

A) Individuals move from a personal value system to a needs-based motivation.

B) Value development is the same for all people regardless of culture.

C) Value development is not influenced by economic status.

D) When people are born, they have no values in place.

E) Once developed, values cannot change.

Answer: D

Explanation: People are born without values. Many psychologists believe that individuals move from needs-based motivation to a personal value system that develops from childhood. The value system people develop as they grow and mature is dependent on the cultural framework and economic situation in which they live.

Difficulty: 2 Medium

Topic: Value Development Theories

Bloom’s: Understand

ABHES: None

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

CAAHEP: XI.C.2 Differentiate between personal and professional ethics

4) A health practitioner is interviewing a 6-year-old male child who is in Piaget’s preoperational stage. Which of the following is characteristic of this stage?

A) The child views the world from his own perspective.

B) The child is totally self-centered.

C) The child tends to see things as either right or wrong.

D) The child begins to develop abstract thought.

E) The child sees adults as powerful and controlling.

Answer: A

Explanation: During the preoperational stage (2 to 7 years), the child views the world from his or her own perspective. In the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years), the child is totally self-centered. In the concrete operational stage (7 to 12 years), the child tends to see things as either right or wrong, and in the formal operational stage, children develop abstract thought and begin to understand there may be varying degrees of wrongdoing.

Difficulty: 2 Medium

Topic: Value Development Theories

Bloom’s: Understand

ABHES: None

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

CAAHEP: None

5) A child life specialist caring for children in the pediatric ward plays a game with a young patient who is enjoying the game, but makes up the rules as she goes along. This behavior is characteristic of what stage of moral development?

A) Sensorimotor stage

B) Preoperational stage

C) Concrete operational stage

D) Formal operational stage

E) Post-operational stage

Answer: B

Explanation: The child in the preoperational stage of moral development views the world from his or her own perspective. For example, when playing a game, the child is not particularly concerned with the rules of play, rather the focus is on fun.

Difficulty: 2 Medium

Topic: Value Development Theories

Bloom’s: Understand

ABHES: None

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

CAAHEP: None